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Gertrude B. Elion M.S.[Chemistry]
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
Co-Nobelists: Sir James W. Black, George H. Hitchings
National Medal of Science - Chemistry 1991
Chemist, Pharmacologist. Discovered principles for drug treatment; developed drugs - anticancer, immunosuppressive, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-gout, anti-malarial. Purines.
"I was a child with an insatiable thirst for knowledge. My beloved grandfather died of cancer when I was 15. I was highly motivated to discover a cure for this terrible disease".
Patents
Compiled by Marc Norman, Dec., 2014
| Publication: | 1/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4315920 A |
| Title: | Adenosine deaminase inhibitors |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Feb 16, 1982 |
| Filing Date: | Jan 14, 1980 |
| Inventors: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Assignee: | University of Delaware |
| Abstract: | Pharmaceutical preparations containing compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is alkyl of 1 to 11 carbons. The preparations are useful in inhibiting adenosine deaminase in mammals thereby providing a method for prolonging the effectiveness of pharamaceutical agents which are biologically degraded by adenosine deaminase and thus converted into other compounds. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 2/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4299824 A |
| Title: | Substituted pyrazolo pyrimidine riboside compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and method of use |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Nov 10, 1981 |
| Filing Date: | Jun 13, 1980 |
| Inventors: | Janet L. Rideout, Thomas A. Krenitsky, Gertrude B. Elion |
| Assignee: | University of Delaware |
| Abstract: | 4-Alkenylthio-1-β-D-ribofuranosylpyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidines are active against coccidia in vivo, and unlike the 4-methylthio analogue, are non-toxic. Methods for the preparation and use of the compounds, intermediates in the preparation and formulations of the compounds are also described.1 |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 3/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4299823 A |
| Title: | Pyrazolo pyrimidine riboside compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and method of use |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Nov 10, 1981 |
| Filing Date: | Jun 13, 1980 |
| Inventors: | Janet L. Rideout, Thomas A. Krenitsky, Gertrude B. Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | 4-Substituted alkyl-1-α-D-ribofuransylpyrazole-(3,4-d) pyrimidines are active against coccidia in vivo and unlike the 4-methylthio analogue, are non-toxic. Methods for preparing and using the compounds, intermediates in the preparation and compositions of the compounds are also described. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 4/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4136175 A |
| Title: | Purine nucleotide antiveral composition and methods of use |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jan 23, 1979 |
| Filing Date: | Jun 16, 1976 |
| Inventors: | Janet E. Rideout, Richard L. Miller, Gertrude B. Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | The nucleotide derivatives of certain 2,6 substituted purines have been discovered to have anti-viral activity. Novel compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical formulations containing the compounds of this invention, and the treatment of viral infections with these formulations are all disclosed. 2,6 Diamino-9-(β-D arabinofuranosyl)-purine-5'-phosphate is an example of a more active compound of this invention. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 5/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4081534 A |
| Title: | Amino purine nucleosides as autoimmune suppressant agents |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Mar 28, 1978 |
| Filing Date: | Jul 26, 1976 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B. Elion, Robert A. Strelitz |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | A method and composition of treating a mammal suffering from an autoimmune disease which comprises internally administering to the mammal an effective autoimmune suppressant amount of the compound of formula or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts ##STR1## where R1 is amino or lower alkylamino and R2 is amino or hydrogen, provided that when R1 is amino, R2 is amino. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 6/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4038479 A |
| Title: | Amino purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jul 26, 1977 |
| Filing Date: | Sep 7, 1971 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B. Elion, Robert A. Strelitz |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R1 is amino or lower alkylamino, R2 is amine or hydrogen and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, provided that when R1 is amino, R2 is amino. The compounds are useful as immune suppressants and as antivirals. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 7/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4006235 A |
| Title: | Treating CNS lymphoma |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Feb 1, 1977 |
| Filing Date: | Feb 12, 1975 |
| Inventors: | Dwight R. Stickney, William S. Simmons, Charles A. Nichol, George H. Hitchings, Gertrude B. Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | Method and pharmaceutical preparations for treating meningeal leukemia, CNS lymphoma and neoplasms in the brain which comprises treating an infected mammal such as a human with a dose of an effective treatment amount of acompound of Formula I ##STR1## where R is a straight or branched chain lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X is a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Preferred compounds for treatment of the aforementioned diseases are 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidine and 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-ethyl-pyrimidine. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 8/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4005204 A |
| Title: | Treatment of neoplasms in the brain with diamino dichloroalkyl pyrimidine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jan 25, 1977 |
| Filing Date: | Feb 12, 1975 |
| Inventors: | Dwight R. Stickney, William S. Simmons, Charles A. Nichol, George H. Hitchings, Gertrude B. Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 9/40 |
| Publication No: | US 4005203 A |
| Title: | Treatment of meningeal leukemia with diamino dichlorophenyl pyrimidine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jan 25, 1977 |
| Filing Date: | Feb 12, 1975 |
| Inventors: | Dwight R. Stickney, William S. Simmons, Charles A. Nichol, George H. Hitchings, Gertrude B. Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 10/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3956277 A |
| Title: | Purine sugar derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | May 11, 1976 |
| Filing Date: | Nov 15, 1971 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B. Elion, Janet E. Litster, Lowrie M. Beacham, III |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | This invention relates to purine sugar derivatives which are useful as suppressors of the immune response and as antiviral agents, and to methods of preparation thereof. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 11/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3862061 A |
| Title: | Imidazole derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jan 21, 1975 |
| Filing Date: | Mar 23, 1973 |
| Inventors: | Iii Lowrie M Beacham, Paulo M S Demiranda, Gertrude B Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, WHEREIN R1 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a benzyl group; R2 is agroup OR5, NR5 or an amide linked amino acid residue, in which R5 is ahydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more amino and/or carboxylic groups; R3 is a hydrogen atom, a group AN AMIDE LINKED AMINO ACID RESIDUE OR A GROUP IN WHICH R4 is a t-butyl group, a benzyl group or a group CH2=CH; and a=1 or 2. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 12/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3758684 A |
| Title: | Treating dna virus infections with amino purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Sep 11, 1973 |
| Filing Date: | Sep 7, 1971 |
| Inventors: | Elion G, Strelitz R |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co, Wellcome Found |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 13/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3666856 A |
| Title: | Treating immune response with amino purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | May 30, 1972 |
| Filing Date: | Nov 17, 1969 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, Robert A Strelitz |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co, Wellcome Found |
| Abstract: | Compounds of the formula WHERE R1 is amino or lower alkylamino, R2 is amino or hydrogen and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, provided that when R1 is amino, R2 is amino. The compounds are useful as immune suppressants and as antivirals. |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 14/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3271399 A |
| Title: | 5-acyloxyuracils and their preparation |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Sep 6, 1966 |
| Filing Date: | Feb 10, 1964 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 15/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3242178 A |
| Title: | 2, 4-diamino-6-hydroxymethyl-7, 8-dihydropteridine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Mar 22, 1966 |
| Filing Date: | Aug 20, 1963 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 16/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3238207 A |
| Title: | 6-oxyorganopurines and method of preparing them |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Mar 1, 1966 |
| Filing Date: | Mar 1, 1960 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Goodman Irving |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 17/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3232938 A |
| Title: | 6-alkylmercaptopurines |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Feb 1, 1966 |
| Filing Date: | Aug 2, 1962 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Goodman Irving |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 18/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3232937 A |
| Title: | 6-benzylmercaptopurines |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Feb 1, 1966 |
| Filing Date: | Aug 2, 1962 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Goodman Irving |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 19/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3176005 A |
| Title: | 9-nucleoside-6-thioheterocycles and method of making |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Mar 30, 1965 |
| Filing Date: | Feb 12, 1963 |
| Inventors: | Elion Gertrude B, Hitchings George H |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 20/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3163639 A |
| Title: | 4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Dec 29, 1964 |
| Filing Date: | Jan 22, 1963 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Bieber Samuel |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 21/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3149111 A |
| Title: | Dinitrophenylmercaptopurines |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Sep 15, 1964 |
| Filing Date: | Sep 29, 1961 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Lottie E Mackay |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 22/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3135754 A |
| Title: | Purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jun 2, 1964 |
| Filing Date: | Aug 9, 1962 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 23/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3135753 A |
| Title: | Purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jun 2, 1964 |
| Filing Date: | May 10, 1961 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 24/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3128274 A |
| Title: | Purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Apr 7, 1964 |
| Filing Date: | Jul 19, 1962 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Lottie E Mackay |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co. |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 25/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3098074 A |
| Title: | 6-thiocarboxamidopurine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jul 16, 1963 |
| Filing Date: | Nov 18, 1959 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Lottie E Mackay |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 26/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3056785 A |
| Title: | Purine derivatives |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Oct 2, 1962 |
| Filing Date: | Mar 21, 1960 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Weilcome & Co U S A |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 27/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3050517 A |
| Title: | Purine 6-thio-glycosides |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Aug 21, 1962 |
| Filing Date: | Oct 11, 1957 |
| Inventors: | Elion Gertrude B, Hitchings George H, Irving Goodman |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 28/40 |
| Publication No: | US 3019224 A |
| Title: | 6-thiocyanopurines and method of their preparation |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jan 30, 1962 |
| Filing Date: | Nov 18, 1959 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings, Lottie E Mackay |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 29/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2933498 A |
| Title: | 7-aminothiazolo-(5,4-d) pyrimidine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Apr 19, 1960 |
| Filing Date: | Dec 28, 1954 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 30/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2884667 A |
| Title: | 2-amino-6-mercaptopurine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | May 5, 1959 |
| Filing Date: | Jun 20, 1955 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 31/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2832781 A |
| Title: | 6-chloropurine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Apr 29, 1958 |
| Filing Date: | Jan 4, 1956 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 32/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2830053 A |
| Title: | 6-substituted purine compounds and method of making |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Apr 8, 1958 |
| Filing Date: | Jul 18, 1955 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 33/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2815346 A |
| Title: | Novel 6-chloropurine compounds and method of preparing them |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Dec 3, 1957 |
| Filing Date: | May 25, 1955 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 34/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2807616 A |
| Title: | Oxazolopyrimidines and method of preparing same |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Sep 24, 1957 |
| Filing Date: | Oct 9, 1952 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, Elvira A Falco, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 35/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2800473 A |
| Title: | Method of making 6-mercaptopurine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Jul 23, 1957 |
| Filing Date: | Sep 12, 1955 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 36/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2724711 A |
| Title: | Method for the manufacture of 6-mercaptopurine |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Nov 22, 1955 |
| Filing Date: | Dec 28, 1954 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 37/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2721866 A |
| Title: | Process of manufacture of 6-mercapto purine and intermediate therefor |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Oct 25, 1955 |
| Filing Date: | Apr 22, 1954 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 38/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2697709 A |
| Title: | Mercapto heterocycles and method of making |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Dec 21, 1954 |
| Filing Date: | Jun 11, 1952 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 39/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2691654 A |
| Title: | Amino heterocycles and method of making |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Oct 12, 1954 |
| Filing Date: | Jun 11, 1952 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
| Publication: | 40/40 |
| Publication No: | US 2628235 A |
| Title: | 8-arylpurine derivatives and process of preparing same |
| Publication Type: | Grant |
| Publication Date: | Feb 10, 1953 |
| Filing Date: | Feb 15, 1950 |
| Inventors: | Gertrude B Elion, George H Hitchings |
| Assignee: | Burroughs Wellcome Co |
| Abstract: | No Abstract |
| Representative Figure: | No Figure |
| Family | |
| Details | Google Patents USPTO Patent Database |
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Name: Gertrude Belle Elion
Birth: 23 January 1918, New York, NY, USA
Death: 21 February 1999, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Institution: Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Award: "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Subject: Pharmacology
Portion of cash: 1/3
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